Jimena Sofia Viveros Alvarez

Timeline

1. 2021–2023

   Law degrees and AI books

   A Mexican, she grows up moving around the world, earns a law degree at Iberoamerican University in Mexico City, and completes an LL.M. in public international law at Leiden University. The Legal Research Institute of the National Autonomous University of Mexico publishes her Autonomous Weapons Systems: The Accountability Conundrum in English and Spanish in 2021 and AI and the International Responsibility of States in Spanish in 2022; Ethics Press publishes Autonomous Weapons Systems and the Use of Force in 2023. Wolters Kluwer publishes her The Ultimate and Perhaps the Last Paradigm Shift – Artificial Intelligence in English and Spanish in 2021.

2. October 2023

   Joining the UN advisory body

   UN Secretary-General António Guterres launches the High-Level Advisory Body on AI in October 2023, and Viveros joins it while serving as chief of staff and head legal adviser to Justice Loretta Ortiz at Mexico’s Supreme Court. She co-leads its work on peace and security. Her earlier career includes work at the International Criminal Court, the tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, and the OPCW. In Mexico, she serves as chief of staff at the Federal Judicial Council and holds director general rank at the Ministry of Security and Civilian Protection and the Federal Tax and Finance Prosecutor’s Office.

3. April 2024

   Drone swarms and mass destruction

   In April 2024, she argues in Opinio Juris that drone swarms scaled to thousands can amount to weapons of mass destruction. She says classifying them as WMDs could deter their development and deployment and help build consensus for a binding instrument to regulate or ban them.

4. July 2024

   AI governance at UN University

   In July 2024, at UNU headquarters in Tokyo, she joins UNU Chief of Staff Michael Baldock for a public conversation on binding norms for global AI governance. She is finalizing a doctorate at the University of Cologne, supervised by Claus Kreß, on AI and autonomous weapons in international peace and security law. She serves as a commissioner on the Global Commission on Responsible AI in the Military Domain, where she leads work on broader peace and security risks. She is also an OECD AI expert in working groups on risks, accountability and incidents.

5. September 2024–November 2024

   Military targeting and AI governance

   In September 2024, she warns on the ICRC’s Humanitarian Law and Policy Blog that AI decision support systems can produce unreliable military targeting recommendations, with risks in identifying, selecting and engaging targets. The UN Advisory Body releases Governing AI for Humanity, its final report with recommendations for global AI governance, in September 2024. In November 2024, she argues in Opinio Juris that international AI governance needs a specialized, universal and centralized authority.

6. June 2025

   AI communities in the Global South

   On Carnegie Council’s Values & Interests podcast in June 2025, she argues that bridging the digital divide between the Global South and North is a moral and economic imperative. She discusses the HumAIne Foundation, which she founded to build communities of AI developers and practitioners in the Global South.

7. November 2025

   A Carnegie panel on AGI

   In November 2025, she joins Michael Breen of Anthropic and Trisha Ray of the Atlantic Council’s GeoTech Center for a Carnegie Council panel on geopolitics in an era of AGI.

8. As of October 2026

   Leading IQuilibriumAI and HumAIne

   In July 2026, writing as CEO of IQuilibriumAI and a former member of the UN advisory body, she argues in Opinio Juris that siloed AI governance is untenable and calls for a specialized, universal and centralized international authority that can set norms, verify compliance and enforce them. In October 2026, she is listed as a panelist at AIES in Malmö for “Who Sets the Terms? AI Governance as Geopolitics.” As of October 2026, she is managing director and CEO of IQuilibriumAI, president of the HumAIne Foundation, and founder of the Global South Synergies and Resilience Platform.