PeopleofSuperintelligence

Researcher

Maurice Clerc

Maurice Clerc researches particle swarm optimization, including an adaptive method presented in an artificial-intelligence techniques session. He earns an engineering degree at the Institut industriel du Nord in 1972 and works in France Télécom's Research and Development department on fuzzy representations. With James Kennedy, he publishes a paper on particle swarm stability and convergence in 2002; the paper receives a 2005 IEEE award. His books cover particle swarm optimization, optimizer benchmarks, and deterministic and quantum approaches to graph coloring. As of October 2026, he remains active in research and occasionally consults on optimization.

Born
1949
Badges

Years link to their sources.

Timeline

  1. 1949–1972

    Besançon birth and Lille degree

    He is born in Besançon in 1949 and earns an engineering degree at the Institut industriel du Nord in 1972.

  2. 1994

    Fuzzy representations

    He works in France Télécom's Research and Development department. In 1994, he coauthors a paper on fuzzy representations with François Guérin and Xavier Chanet.

  3. 2002

    Particle swarm convergence

    With James Kennedy, he publishes a paper on particle swarm explosion, stability, and convergence in 2002.

  4. 2003

    Adaptive PSO for reactive power

    He coauthors a paper with Wen Zhang and Yutian Liu on an adaptive PSO algorithm for reactive-power optimization in 2003. The paper appears in an artificial-intelligence techniques session at APSCOM.

  5. 2005

    An IEEE paper award

    He and James Kennedy receive a 2005 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation paper award for their 2002 article.

  6. 2006

    Particle Swarm Optimization

    In 2006, he publishes a book devoted entirely to particle swarm optimization, describing the algorithm and its applications in numerical optimization.

  7. 2019–2025

    Benchmarks and quantum graph coloring

    In 2019, he publishes Iterative Optimizers: Difficulty Measures and Benchmarks, which presents methods to estimate problem difficulty and build varied test sets. In 2025, he publishes Graph Coloring: From Games to Deterministic and Quantum Approaches, a book on graph-coloring algorithms and a general quantum method.

  8. As of October 2026

    Optimization consultant

    He remains active in research and occasionally works as an optimization consultant.

  1. Google had the most people shaping AI every year from 2014 to 2025Our estimates of which organizations employed the most people shaping AI each year from 1955 to 2025, tracing the shift from university labs to companies.
  2. The United States employs an estimated 48% of people shaping AIWe estimate where the people shaping AI work today, how universities, companies and research institutes split across countries, and how country shares have changed since the 1960s.
  3. 43% of living people shaping AI work outside their country of birthWe estimate that 43% of living people shaping AI work outside their country of birth (520 of 1,198 people with known birth and employment countries).
  4. More people shaping AI studied at Massachusetts Institute of Technology than at any other institutionWe estimate where the people shaping AI studied and where their careers led. Massachusetts Institute of Technology leads with 467 former students, including 291 recorded doctorates.

Colleagues

People named in this biography, and people with dated positions at the same organization in the same years.

Sources and credits

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  1. Maurice Clerc (mathematician) - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org. Checked 21 October 2026.
  2. Graph Coloring: From Games to Deterministic and Quantum Approaches routledge.com. Checked 21 October 2026.
  3. Papers particleswarm.info. Checked 21 October 2026.
  4. 2005 IEEE TEC award particleswarm.info. Checked 21 October 2026.
  5. Particle Swarm Optimization - Maurice Clerc - Google Books books.google.com. Checked 21 October 2026.
  6. Iterative Optimizers: Difficulty Measures and Benchmarks - Maurice Clerc - Google Books books.google.com. Checked 21 October 2026.